Introduction. At the present state of the mining-extractive enterprises development in Ukraine the assessment of health status and occupational morbidity levels among employees has become of especial relevance. The case concerning occupational diseases in Ukraine is getting worse year by year. The highest level of occupational diseases was registered in the extractive industry and quarry development – 83,8% of the total number in Ukraine. The state of morbidity and prevalence of general and occupational pathology among the population of working age, the nature of employment of the population in the labor process effect on the quality of life and the defense potential of the state. Enterprises of the mining industry of Ukraine, despite the military operations, continue their functioning ensuring social and economic development. Thus, the study of the peculiarities of occupational morbidity among employees of enterprises of the mining industry is urgent and relevant.
The purpose of the research is to study the features of development of occupational morbidity in workers in the mining industry.
Research materials and methods. Analysis of the occupational morbidity in the extractive industry workers of the city Kryvyi Rih was provided within 2017–2021 years. The «Accounting cards for occupational diseases (occupational injuries)» (70 cards) were analysed. Measures of medical secrecy about the patients were taken during the research.
Results of the study. Vibration disease takes the first place (31,58%) in the structure of occupational pathology, the second - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (27,19%), the third - radiculopathy (24,56%). The difference between the software structure of the company's employees and the industry as a whole was revealed. Almost half of the workers have only one disease (47,14%), slightly less - two kinds of the diagnosis (45,71%), the rest - three or four (4,29% and 2,86%, respectively). Several diseases diagnosed in one person can be caused both by the long-term effect of harmful production factors, and by the individual health sensitivity to their action. The average age of employees during the observation period was about 54,53±0,60 years, the average length of service was 25,37±0,75 years. The highest number of occupational diseases was fixed in excavator drivers - 10 persons (14,29%) and conveyor drivers - 9 persons (12,86%), among crane drivers and locksmiths on duty 5 cases each were fixed (total 14,28%), respectively electric gas boilers and drivers - 4 persons each (total 11,42%). The variety of occupations may indicate the prevalent effect of other factors not typical for a certain occupation. The analysis of occupational diseases during the wartime and postwar period and their comparison with the prewar period is a prospective direction for further study.
Conclusions. Vibration disease takes the first place (31,58 %) in the structure of occupational pathology, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease takes the second place (27,19 %), radiculopathy - the third one (24,56 %), and sensorineural hearing loss is on the fourth place (7,90 %). The difference between the structure of occupational morbidity among employees of the enterprise and the industry as a whole indicates the need for further detailed studying the factors causing such situation. The variety of occupations in this structure may indicate the prevalent effect of factors which are common to all occupations. The results obtained will allow to provide further analysis of occupational morbidity for data comparison, and to create the scientific basis for the development and implementation of appropriate preventive measures.
Keywords: occupational diseases, workers, mining industry.
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