https://doi.org/10.33573/ujoh2025.02.150
Marinskyi Yu.I.1, Nazarenko V.I.1, Brukhno R.P.1,2, Sokurenko S.A.3
1 State Institution «Kundiіev Institute of Occupational Health of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv, Ukraine
2 Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
3 Naftogaz Digital Technologies LLC, Kyiv, Ukraine
Full article (PDF), UKR
Introduction. The problem of occupational hygiene for professional users of personal computers (PCs) and screen devices (SDs) for visual display of information is quite relevant, especially with the introduction of new energy-saving technologies and the demographic situation in the EU, the USA and Ukraine. According to previous studies, from 40 to 70% of professional PC users have manifestations of chronic visual fatigue and other negative changes in the organ of vision, the frequency of which increases with the age of the workers and requires the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. In Ukraine, up to 2 million full-time employees use PCs and SDs at their workplaces. Currently, to assess working conditions and create normal working conditions, it is necessary to focus on the set of domestic standards DSTU ISO 9241 "Ergonomic requirements for working with video terminals in the office" harmonized with international standards. Among the main photometric characteristics of SDs that should be controlled are the following: luminance, illuminance, glare, flicker, etc.
The aim of the study is to determine the photometric characteristics of modern sources of visual information display in workplaces and their hygienic assessment.
Materials and methods of research. The study of photometric characteristics of modern sources of visual information display was conducted at 42 workplaces of office workers of Naftogaz Central District LLC (Kyiv), whose work is related to the use of computer equipment (head of departments, project coordinators, analysts on various issues, IT specialists, managers, economists, etc.). Labor intensity was assessed according to the criteria of DSanP&N “ Labor Hygienic Classification…” №248 (2014). The study of illuminance levels, visible light spectrum and color temperature of light sources was performed with the help of SECONIK 7000 Spectrometer (Japan), TENZOR-51 energy illuminance dosimeter (Ukraine), a DT-1308 luxmeter (PRC)
Results. The intensity of visual work is the leading factor of the labor process at the workplaces of LLC "Naftogaz TZ" office workers and the duration of total work at the visual information display devices is about 3.5 - 6.0 hours/ a day. According to the criteria of the Labor Hygienic Classification, the working conditions of accounting employees should be classified as class 2 (acceptable), managers, project managers - to class 3.1 and programmers - to class 3.2 (harmful).
The average color temperature of lighting sources in the office premises of LLC "Naftogaz TZ" is 5209 ± 60 K. The artificial illumination levels are 328 ± 23.6 lux, which in most cases corresponds to the normalized illumination values according to DBN V.2.5-28:2018 for this category of visual work (GDR = 300 lux), but taking into account the average age of workers over 40 years, the normalized illumination should be increased to 400 lux. The average adjusted color temperature of visual information display devices at workplaces is 5916 ± 223 K and according to this parameter is closer to the “cold” color perception of the light source, in accordance with the criteria of DSTU EN 12464-1:2016 (EN 12464-1:2011, IDT). The illumination level on the LED monitor screen is 1.5 - 2 times higher than that of an ASUS monitor with fluorescent backlighting, at similar color temperatures, but a different spectrum of visible radiation. In LED monitors and smartphones, the wavelength of 450 nm is energetically dominant, which belongs to the range of "blue" light (400 - 480 nm), which may pose risks to the organ of vision in accordance with DSTU EN 62471:2017 "Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems". The ripple coefficients of the VDT screen during operation depend on the model of the information display device. Thus, the illumination on the SAMSUNG C24F396FH screen (curved LED monitor) has a ripple coefficient of 4%,, LED screens of Samsung Galaxy J5 and Honor 200 smartphones have a ripple coefficient of 15 - 19 %,. At the same time, the VDT screens of ASUS, and Phillips, LENOVO, BENG have a ripple coefficient of up to 214%. which does not correspond to physiologically acceptable values (15 -20 %).
Conclusions. The wavelength of the visible range with the maximum radiation intensity of the visual information display device depends on the type of screen matrix and does not depend on its brightness.
The intensity of the visible spectrum radiation from the screens of VDTs ASUS and Phillips, smartphones such as Samsung Galaxy J5 and Honor 200 is 0.108-0.128 W/m2 and does not exceed the permissible intensity of blue light from the point of view of the risk of maculopathy according to DSTU IEC 62471:2009 (GDR=1 W/m2) for light sources.
Taking into account the combined effect of intense visual work and energetic exposure to blue light, the need for further research and identification of possible risks of visual fatigue and ophthalmological pathologies in professional users of visual information display devices is recognized. As a preventive measure, the use of light filters of the type ЖС-19 of the "Coloured Glass Catalog" can be used, which allows for correction of the spectrum of LED EPs and shifting the maximum wavelength of radiation from 440-460 nm (blue light) to 550-560 nm (green light).
Keywords: working conditions, display devices, photometric characteristics, luminance, illuminance, glare, flicker, hygienic assessment
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